Browsing by Author "James Rarick"
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- PublicationAwareness and Current Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, and Greece: Findings From 2011–2013 Global Adult Tobacco Surveys(2015)
;Krishna Mohan Palipudi ;Lazarous Mbulo ;Jeremy Morton ;Lazarous Mbulo ;Rebecca Bunnell ;Glenda Blutcher-Nelson ;Soewarta Kosen ;Guat Hiong Tee ;Amani Mohamed Elkhatim Abdalla ;Kholood Ateeq Al Mutawa ;Anastasia Barbouni ;Eleni Antoniadou ;Heba Fouad ;Rula N. Khoury ;James Rarick ;Dhirendra N. SinhaSamira AsmaIntroduction: Increases in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) awareness and current use have been documented in high income countries but less is known about middle and low income countries. Methods: Nationally representative household survey data from the first four Global Adult Tobacco Surveys to assess e-cigarettes were analyzed, including Indonesia (2011), Malaysia (2011), Qatar (2013), and Greece (2013). Correlates of e-cigarette awareness and current use were calculated. Sample sizes for Greece and Qatar allowed for further analysis of e-cigarette users. Results: Awareness of e-cigarettes was 10.9% in Indonesia, 21.0% in Malaysia, 49.0% in Qatar, and 88.5% in Greece. In all four countries, awareness was higher among male, younger, more educated, and wealthier respondents. Current e-cigarette use among those aware of e-cigarettes was 3.9% in Malaysia, 2.5% in Indonesia, 2.2% in Greece and 1.8% in Qatar. Across these four countries, an estimated 818 500 people are currently using e-cigarettes. Among current e-cigarette users, 64.4% in Greece and 84.1% in Qatar also smoked cigarettes, and, 10.6% in Greece and 6.0% in Qatar were never-smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research Advance Access published April 29, 2015 2 Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015, Vol. 00, No. 00. Conclusions: E-cigarette awareness and use was evident in all four countries. Ongoing surveillance and monitoring of awareness and use of e-cigarettes in these and other countries could help inform tobacco control policies and public health interventions. Future surveillance should monitor use of e-cigarettes among current smokers and uptake among never-smokers and relapsing former smokers. - PublicationHealth warnings on cigarette packages and interest in quitting: findings from five countries conducted the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2011-2012(2017)
;Guat Hiong Tee ;Tahir Aris ;Mohd Azahdi Omar ;Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff ;James Rarick ;Chee Cheong KeeSorina IrimieThis study examines findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Surveys in five countries: Argentina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, and Romania in assessing the effects of health warnings (HWs) on cigarette packages and interest in quitting. This was a household survey using multistage cluster sample design. Data were collected from one respondent per household aged 15 years and above via interviewer-administered questionnaires. The impact of HWs within each gender were analyzed by age group and education level using bivariate analysis. Among current smokers, Romanian (98.0%) and Malaysian (94.1%) men, Romanian (97.6%) and Argentina (89.3%) women had the highest percentages of noticing health warnings on cigarette packages. However, less than 50% of men in all five countries and women in Indonesia, Romania and Argentina thought about quitting smoking. In addition, less than 50% of men and women tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months. These analyses provide great opportunity for countries to assess the effectiveness of their health warnings in communicating the risk of smoking to all current smokers. Countries can use these evidence-based findings to target tobacco control interventions to increase quit rates among current smokers and prevent smoking initiation among non-smokers. - PublicationSocial Determinants of Health and Tobacco Use in Five Low - and Middle-Income Countries - Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2011 - 2012(2016)
;Guat Hiong Tee ;Tahir Aris ;James RarickSorina IrimieBackground: Tobacco consumption continues to be the leading cause of preventable deaths globally. The objective of this study was to examine the associaton of selected socio-demographic variables with current tobacco use in five countries that participated in the Phase II Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2011 - 2012. Materials and Methods: We analysed internationally comparable representative household survey data from 33,482 respondents aged ≥ 15 years in Indonesia, Malaysia, Romania, Argentina and Nigeria for determinants of tobacco use within each country. Socio-demographic variables analysed included gender, age, residency, education, wealth index and awareness of smoking health consequences. Current tobacco use was defined as smoking or use of smokeless tobacco daily or occasionally. Results: The overall prevalence of tobacco use varied from 5.5% in Nigeria to 35.7% in Indonesia and was significantly higher among males than females in all five countries. Odds ratios for current tobacco use were significantly higher among males for all countries [with the greatest odds among Indonesian men (OR=67.4, 95% CI: 51.2-88.7)] and among urban dwellers in Romania. The odds of current tobacco use decreased as age increased for all countries except Nigeria where. The reverse was true for Argentina and Nigeria. Significant trends for decreasing tobacco use with increasing educational levels and wealth index were seen in Indonesia, Malaysia and Romania. Significant negative associations between current tobacco use and awareness of adverse health consequences of smoking were found in all countries except Argentina. Conclusions: Males and the socially and economically disadvantaged populations are at the greatest risk of tobacco use. Tobacco control interventions maybe tailored to this segment of population and incorporate educational interventions to increase knowledge of adverse health consequences of smoking