Publication:
The pattern in prevalence and sociodemographic factors of smoking in Malaysia, 2011–2019: Findings from national surveys

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dc.contributor.authorMuhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff
dc.contributor.authorKuang Hock Lim
dc.contributor.authorThamil Arasu Saminathan
dc.contributor.authorWan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani
dc.contributor.authorTania Gayle Robert Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorSumarni Mohd Ghazali
dc.contributor.authorHamizatul Akmal Abd Hamid
dc.contributor.authorNur Liana Ab Majid
dc.contributor.authorHalizah Mat Rifin
dc.contributor.authorJane Ling Miaw Yn
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-16T15:30:13Z
dc.date.available2024-07-16T15:30:13Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractINTRODUCTION: Smoking is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with Malaysia no exception. Through the Ministry of Health and other ministries in the government of Malaysia, numerous anti-smoking measures have been introduced to prevent and control smoking in the country. Continuous monitoring of smoking prevalence in the community is essential in order to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-smoking policies. This study aims to update the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking in the past decade in Malaysia. METHODS: The study utilized data from three national household surveys in Malaysia, namely the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2011, the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 and the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019. These surveys adopted a multistage stratified sampling design that represents the population in Malaysia. Smoking status was determined based on the GATS protocol and definitions. Complex sample design estimates and complex multivariable logistic regression were used in the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4250, 21410 and 11111 respondents aged ≥15 years participated in GATS 2011, NHMS 2015 and NHMS 2019, respectively, with a response rate between 85% and 87%. The prevalence of smoking was 23.1% (95% CI: 21.2–25.2) in 2011, 22.8% (95% CI: 21.9–23.8) in 2015 and 21.3% (95% CI: 19.9–22.8) in 2019. The prevalence was consistently higher in males (40.5–43.9%), adults aged 25–44 years (25.4–29.0%), Malay (22.6–24.7%), other ethnicities (30.0–35.0%), and the self-employed (33.7–44.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of smoking was higher in males, in younger and middle age groups, Malays, and those with lower education level. CONCLUSIONS: There were slight changes in the sociodemographic factors of smoking in the past decade in Malaysia. Stern measures and more aggressive strategies are needed to address all the risk factors in controlling smoking behavior in the country.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.18332/tid/152410
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.nih.gov.my/handle/123456789/569
dc.language.isoen
dc.relation.ispartofTobacco Induced Diseases
dc.relation.issn1617-9625
dc.titleThe pattern in prevalence and sociodemographic factors of smoking in Malaysia, 2011–2019: Findings from national surveys
dc.typejournal-article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issueOctober
oaire.citation.volume20
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