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Patterns of polysubstance use among adults in Malaysia—A latent class analysis

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dc.contributor.authorWan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani
dc.contributor.authorTania Gayle Robert Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorShubash Shander Ganapathy
dc.contributor.authorNur Liana Ab Majid
dc.contributor.authorHamizatul Akmal Abd Hamid
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff
dc.contributor.editorGeorge Vousden
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-15T09:08:59Z
dc.date.available2024-07-15T09:08:59Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Polysubstance use is the use of more than one non-prescribed licit or illicit substance at one time. This is a common phenomenon, but little is known about the severity and the various substances used by adults in Malaysia. Objective: To determine the pattern of polysubstance use and its associated factors among general adults in Malaysia. Methodology: This was a secondary data analysis from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019), a cross-sectional population survey with a two-stage stratified random sampling design. A total of 10,472 Malaysians aged 18 years and above participated in this survey. Polysubstance use was defined as concurrent use of more than one substance, either alcohol, tobacco, or drugs (opioids, marijuana, amphetamine/ methamphetamine or kratom). A latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the membership of polysubstance groups. The association of class membership with demographic profiles was examined using Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis. Results: Fit indices (AIC = 16458.9, BIC = 16443.6) from LCA supported 3 classes solution: Class 1; “moderate-drug” group primarily combination used of tobacco and alcohol (2.4%), Class 2; “high-drug” group using multiple substance including kratom (0.3%) and Class 3; “low-drug” group reporting minimal alcohol and tobacco use or non-user (97.3%). The multinomial model showed young adults (18–40 years) had a higher likelihood of being polysubstance users both for moderate-drug class (OR = 4.1) and high-drug class (OR = 3.9) compared to older age (≥60 years). Chinese (OR = 18.9), Indian (OR = 23.3), Indigenous Sabah & Sarawak (OR = 34.6) and others ethnicity (OR = 8.9) showed higher odds of being moderate-drug users than Malays. The greater odds of moderate-drug use for males (OR = 35.5), working groups (OR = 1.5) and low education level group (OR = 3.2). Conclusion: Our study highlights patterns and demographics related to the use of polysubstances among adults in Malaysia. These results would help formulate specific prevention programmes for these high-risk groups.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264593
dc.identifier.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0264593
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.nih.gov.my/handle/123456789/537
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPublic Library Science
dc.relation.ispartofPLOS ONE
dc.relation.issn1932-6203
dc.relation.journalPLOS ONE
dc.subjectPolysubstance
dc.subjectAdults
dc.subjectMalaysia
dc.titlePatterns of polysubstance use among adults in Malaysia—A latent class analysis
dc.typetext::journal::journal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume18
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