Browsing by Author "Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki"
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- PublicationA systematic review of depression literacy: Knowledge, help‐seeking and stigmatising attitudes among adolescents(2019)
;Sarbhan Singh ;Rafdzah Ahmad ZakiNik Daliana Nik FaridDepression is a common mental health disorder and affects many adolescents worldwide. Depression literacy can improve mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to collate and analyse the extant evidence on depression literacy among adolescents, with particular focus on tools used to examine depression literacy and the findings on components of depression literacy. Methods : Nine electronic databases and 1 grey literature source were searched for studies published in English between January 2006 and December 2018 and involving adolescents aged 10–19 years. We included studies that reported on components of depression literacy such as knowledge, help‐seeking and stigmatising attitudes. We excluded qualitative studies. Two independent reviewers verified that the studies met the inclusion criteria, assessed the quality of the studies and extracted their characteristics. The data were descriptively analysed and appraised using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS), Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (QATSQ). Results and conclusion : Fifty of the 14,626 references identified met the inclusion criteria. Depression literacy was most commonly (58%) assessed using tools that utilize a vignette‐based methodology. A lack of uniformity in reporting of depression literacy was noted. Adolescents were poor at recognising depression, likely to seek help from informal sources and tended to attach stigma to depression. The implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions made for future research. - PublicationE-learning during COVID-19 and anxiety levels among university students: a systematic review(2023)
;Jonas John Posko Amalaraj ;Thamil Arasu Saminathan ;Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes ;Mohammed Ali Abbod Al-Maliki ;Mohd Azli Fakri Abdul Aziz ;Nurhajar Asmad Mohd YusoffRafdzah Ahmad ZakiBackground: E-learning was widely used in universities during the COVID-19 epidemic to guarantee students’ ongoing education and learning. This systematic review summarizes and synthesizes evidence elucidating the association between e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and anxiety among university students. Methods: A systematic search from five databases (PubMed, Wiley, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Scopus) was done, with the last search conducted on the 30th of November 2021. Full-text English articles published from November 2019 to November 2021. Mostly cross-sectional study designs were included, excluding non-peer-reviewed documents and on-English language studies. The data was recorded in the data extraction form, and all seven articles were assessed for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional studies. Results: The search yielded seven eligible articles, with a total of 12,481 participants. Four articles aimed to determine the direct association between e-learning and anxiety levels. While three aimed to identify e-learning as a potential stressor during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is associated with anxiety levels. Five different tools were used to measure anxiety in the chosen articles. Four out of seven articles reviewed in this systematic review concluded that e-learning was significantly associated with anxiety. The remaining three found no association. Several factors were found to be associated with anxiety due to e-learning: females, sex/gender minorities, younger students, medical students, and staying alone. Conclusions: University students reported mild to high levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effect of e-learning on anxiety levels is determined by the diverse socio-demographic backgrounds. Internet connectivity and facilities also contributed to anxiety levels during e-learning. Limitations of this review include selection bias, small sample size, and the cross-sectional study designs, which could not establish a causal relationship. Evidence from stronger study designs is needed to confirm the association and establish a causation link of anxiety due to e-learning methods. - PublicationPrevalence and Determinants of Depressive Symptoms among Young Adolescents in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study(2023)
;Sarbhan Singh ;Chee Herng Lai ;Nuur Hafizah Md Iderus ;Sumarni Mohd Ghazali ;Lonny Chen Rong Qi Ahmad ;Lim Mei Cheng ;Mohamad Nadzmi Nadzri ;Asrul Anuar Zulkifli ;Jeyanthi Suppiah ;Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki ;Nik Daliana Nik Farid ;Rama Krishna Supramanian ;Awatef Amer Nordin ;Chong Zhuo Lin ;Kushilpal KaurNur’ain Mohd GhazaliDepression is the most common mental health problem affecting adolescents globally, wherein its increasing prevalence together with the negative health impacts escalates the need for further research in this area. This work determined the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among young adolescents in Malaysia. A total of 1350 adolescent aged 13 to 14 years in school across nine secondary schools in Selangor state, Malaysia participated in a cross-sectional study. Independent variables were examined using the using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey included age, gender, ethnicity, alcohol intake, smoking and illicit drug use, loneliness, bullying, parental marital status, income and supervision; and the Health Literacy and Stigma questionnaire examined mental health literacy levels. Depressive symptoms were the dependent variable which was examined using the Center for Epidemiology Study Depression (CESD) instrument. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among all participants was 19 % (95% CI [16.9, 21.2]), with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms being reported among females 26.3% (95% CI [23.0, 29.8]) compared to males 11.7% (95% CI [9.4, 14.4]). Determinants namely females (AOR = 3.83; 95% CI [2.66, 5.52]), smoking (AOR = 6.16; 95% CI [3.15, 12.05]), been bullied (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI [2.51, 5.47]), felt lonely (AOR = 10.46; 95% CI [7.09, 15.42]) and having no parental supervision (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI [1.26, 2.53]) significantly increased the odds of depressive symptoms among all adolescents in the multivariate model. In addition, feeling lonely, being bullied and smoking were identified as common significant determinants of depressive symptoms across both genders. Feeling lonely (65% to 71%) and being bullied (10% to 19%) were ranked as the most important determinants of depressive symptoms among young adolescents. Tackling these factors would be instrumental in helping decision makers formulate depression prevention strategies and activities for adolescents.