Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that targets the CD4+ of human T-lymphocyte cells of the immune system. The weakening immune system causes susceptibility to multiple infective diseases and cancers. This study is aimed to determinant the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and to identify the associated factors of the HIV/AIDS knowledge among the urban and rural Malaysian young people. Methods: Data was collected using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) method. HIV knowledge was assessed using the UNGASS indicators, which contain five questions on HIV prevention and transmission. There were two questions regarding the association between HIV transmission with sexual practice and behaviour. The remainder was one question, each related to insect bite, meal sharing, and knowledge about the physical appearance of someone with HIV infection. Respondents who correctly answer all five questions were considered to have adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Results: The result from a questionnaire revealed the prevalence of the young people HIV/AIDS knowledge in urban area was 14.7% (95% CI: 9.96, 21.28) whereas in rural area was 10.9% (95% CI: 6.83, 16.89) in 2020. The results revealed significant difference of misconceptions on healthy-looking person have HIV where urban was 71.7% (95% CI: 66.46, 76.37) and rural was 59.8% (95% CI: 56.05, 63.41). Furthermore, there are significant difference of misconceptions on person get HIV by sharing food with someone who is infected whereas urban was 64.8% (95% CI: 60.48, 68.98) while rural was 52.6% (95% CI: 48.67, 56.50). Conclusion: The findings from this survey have important implications for the development of primary HIV/AIDS prevention programs and HIV educational campaigns to increase knowledge and dispel misconceptions about HIV.

Objective: Verbal autopsy (VA) through face-to-face interviews with caregivers is a way to determine cause of death without medical certification. In Malaysia, the use of VA has improved mortality statistics. However, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, face-to-face interviews were delayed, reducing VA data collection and affecting data for mortality surveillance. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of conducting VA interviews via telephone calls, and the quality of the data gathered. Methods: The study was conducted in Malaysia from September to October 2020 using a cross-sectional design. Participants were health-care workers from established VA teams across the country. They conducted VA interviews via telephone and provided feedback through a customized online form. Data collected from the form were used to assess the feasibility, acceptability and quality of the telephone interviews using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: Responses were received from 113 participants. There were 74 (65.5%) successful interviews, representing 91% of the 81 cases who were able to be contacted. More than two thirds of health-care workers provided positive feedback on the telephone interview method for themselves and the interviewees. Only 10.8% of causes of death were unusable. Discussion: This study provides preliminary evidence that VA via telephone interview is feasible, acceptable and can be used as an alternative to face-to-face interviews without affecting data quality. During times when face-to-face interviews are not advisable, VA telephone interviews can be used for data collection for mortality surveillance.

Dietary supplements have grown in popularity in the healthcare industry over the years, owing to increased health awareness and health literacy. Understanding the factors associated dietary supplement purchase is critical for policy development and effective regulatory implementation. This paper aimed to describe the prevalence and factors associated with dietary supplements purchased among the adult population in Malaysia. Cross-sectional data from 11,269 respondents aged 18 and above from the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 were analysed. This study used logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with dietary supplements purchased among the adult population in Malaysia. Overall, 13.9% Malaysian adults reported purchasing dietary supplements in the past one month. Females, adults older than 36 years old, individuals with at least a secondary educational level, Chinese ethnicity, the married population, those with higher household income (in the T20 household income group), individuals with diabetes or hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia, and those with perceived good self-rated health were all associated with a higher likelihood of purchasing dietary supplements. The study's findings improved understanding of the factors associated with dietary supplement purchase, which will aid policy development and effective regulatory implementation.